Factors influencing electric classic cars

Electric classic car batteries require new batteries to be fully charged. The driver drives an electric classic car on a flat secondary road and cuts off the power when the battery voltage is lower than the undervoltage value. Under the above conditions, the obtained riding mileage is usually called the driving range of an electric classic car. It is a comprehensive index that involves the quality of each of the four major components of the battery, motor, controller, and charger, as well as related factors such as system matching quality and vehicle assembly quality.
As far as batteries are concerned, electric classic cars require long battery life, high specific energy (i.e., the longest distance that can be traveled on a single charge) and high specific power (i.e., the ability to accelerate uphill). According to the relevant inspection requirements of the electric classic car industry, 36v and 12Ah lead-acid batteries must be discharged with a current of 5A to a voltage of 31.5V, and the discharge time shall not be less than 2h. For such a battery capacity, referring to the electric sightseeing car's power consumption of 15Wh/km, the theoretical design of the electric classic car is about 130Km. But the new battery can also meet the driving range of 150.
In actual use, how many kilometers can the battery travel after being fully charged? It is often related to many factors, such as the efficiency characteristics of the motor, the capacity and life of the battery, etc. In addition, because the energy storage of the battery is limited, excessive and rapid energy consumption will also significantly reduce the driving range on a single charge. For example, an electric classic car using a 36v, 12Ah lead-acid battery can travel 120 to 140km on one charge when the vehicle speed u is less than or equal to 30km/h. When the vehicle speed u is 40km/h, the driving range on one charge will be less than 100km. Therefore, whether from a safety perspective or a technical perspective, the speed of electric classic cars should strictly follow the relevant national standards and regulations, and high speeds should not be pursued one-sidedly.
The battery pack of an electric classic car is generally composed of three or silk single batteries connected in series. If the terminal voltages of each battery are different, the battery with the higher terminal voltage will reach the overcharge state first. At this time, since the voltage value of the battery pack has not yet reached the constant voltage state, the battery that arrived first will be damaged due to overcharging. The damaged battery will have lower voltage, which will cause other batteries to be damaged due to overcharging.
To this end, the voltage error of each battery in the battery pack should be controlled within the range of ±0.03v. The internal resistance voltage and discharge time of the battery should be the same or similar. These are also the prerequisites for maintaining effective driving range.